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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

Drafting Identity: The Loom vs the Machine

In this article, Róisín Hayes starts our new mini-series ‘Drafting Identity’ which focuses on the experience of women in Architectural Education from both personal and professional perspectives, supporting the FIAE movement. Róisín explores the craft and making of architecture, and the emotional intelligence inherent in her work.

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Present Tense

Value judgements

In the latest edition of 'the write-up', Alex Curtis reviews the Architectural Association of Ireland's 'Systems and Selves' lecture, which this year featured Carmody Groarke.

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the write-up

Discrete objects of thought

In assessing how to reuse the built fabric and harness the latent potential of our towns and cities, architects have much to learn from artists about disconnecting object and subject, argues Tom Cookson.

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One Good Idea

Are communes the way forward?

Topics such as housing, income inequality, and the environmental crisis are common topics of concern in 2026. At first, they appear hopelessly unsolvable and, once dug into a little deeper, completely interrelated. In this article, Phoebe Moore explores alternative housing models, and ways forward through communal living.

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Present Tense
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Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

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UCD Architecture 2006

Editors: Gary A. Boyd, Hugh Campbell, Pierre Jolivet, Jim Murphy, Elizabeth Shotton.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring staff and student work from the UCD School of Architecture.

Architecture student, exhibition, Richview, Architecture, Landscape, Civil Engineering, material, structure, environment, detail, strategy, thesis, organisation, urban space, drawings, collage, photography, cultural concerns, Timothy Brick, Lisa Cassidy, Claire Chawke, Ciaran Conlon, Alexander Crean, John Crowley, Brendan Dalton, Rachel Delargy, Michael Doherty, Leonie Fitzgerald, Denis Forrest, Alessandra Fugazzi, Katy Giblin, David Hannon, Riona Hartman, Carla Harte Hayes, Leah Hogan, Alison Hyland, Rachel Jennings, Elaine Johnson, Fergal Joyce, Sorcha Kenneall, Anthony Lambert, Elspeth Lee, Cillian Magee, Alva Maguire, Brian Massey, Meabh Mc Carthy, Patrick Mc Glade, Laura Moran, Conor Morrissey, Maria Mulcahy, Mark Murphy, Kieran Murray, Matthew Nagle, Banbha Nic Canna, Aisling Ni Dhonnchu, Aedamair Ni Ghallchoir, Donncha O Brien, Maurice O Brien, Samuel O Brien, Luke O Callaghan, Jennifer O Leary, Conor Pendergrast, Patrick Phelan, Orla Phillips, Sarah Prendergast, Patrick Roche, Conor Rochford, Cian Scanlon, Sean Schoales, Enida Skalonjic, Ruth Stewart, Robert Tobin, David Walsh, Su Wang, Tiago Faria, Mary Laheen, Fiona McDonald, Max O’Flaherty, Mark Price, Brian Ward, Caroline Constant, Christopher Cuniffe, Jamie Doyle, Yvonne Farrell, John Feehan, Amanda Gibney, Anna Hanley, John McLaughlin, rural, farmer’s market, midlands, domesticity, Matthew Beattie, Gary A. Boyd, Gerry Cahill, Kevin Donovan, Niamh Hogan, Fiona Hughes, Michael Pike, Simon Walker, Alan Atlee, Carlos Casablancas, Yvonne Farrell, Mike Haslan, Orla Murphy, John Parker, Matthias Reese, John Tuomey, Brian Barber, Gillian Brady, Elizabeth Burns, Blaine Cagney, James Casey, Amelie Conway, Peter Cosgrave, Cait Elliott, Dara Farrell, Sean Finegan, Amy Fitzgerald, Joseph Flood, Padraig Flynn, Paul Flynn, Danielle Fox, Shea Gallagher, Patricia Gavin, Edin Gicevic, Ciara Grace, Aideen Hannon, Eimear Hanratty, John Horrigan, Patrick Hunt, Raphael Keane, Caroline Kennedy, Caroline Kiernan, Dominic Lavelle, James McBennett, Dermot McGlade, Liam McInerney, Claire McMenamin, Padraig McMorrow, Steven McNamara, Sarah Maguire, Beatrice Moran, Eoin Murphy, Niamh Murphy, Enda Naughton, Roisin Ni Bhuadain, Aine Nic an Riogh, Ronan O’Boyle, Colm O’Brien, Iseult O’Clery, Tapologo Odubeng, Lisa O’Kane, Blathmhac O’Muiri, Hugh Queenan, Alison Rea, Cliodhna Rice, Katya Samodurova, Deirdre Spring, Joseph Swan, Martin Tiernan, St. John Walsh, Brendan Ward, James Young, project, social, technical, aesthetic, LUAS Red line, Connolly Station, Tallaght, left-over space, community sports centre, spatial planning, Madrid, thresholds, Roisin Aherne, Jennifer Belton, Timothy Blackwell, Maurice Brooks, Myles Burke, Elizabeth Casey, William Casey, Shuo Chen, Elizabeth Clyne, Anna Cooke, Bokao Ditlhong, James Doran, Melissa Doran, Paul Durcan, Morwenna Gerrard, Alice Gibson, Faela Guiden, Elaine Hanna, Damien Hannigan, Elaine Harris, Timothy Hartnett, David Healy, Jack Hogan, Helen Kelly, Siobhan Kelly, Shane Kennedy, Ronan Kenny, David Ledwith, Joanne Lyons, Aoife Magner, Aisling Maher, Elizabeth Matthews, Anne Mc Getrick, Lynn Mc Mahon, Paul Murray, Emma Murtagh, Elaine Ní Dhonnchadha, Michael Nolan, Therese Nolan, Laura O Brien, Ivan O Connell, Donal O Herlihy, Sorcha O Higgins, Aoife O Kelly, Sean O Neill, Lucy O Reilly, Ekaterina Papkovskaia, Kevin Quinlan, Michael Stack, Timothy Varian, Aisling Walker, Aoife Warren, Brendan Whelan, Patrick White, Julia Barrett, Edith Blennerhassett, Michelle Fagan, Mary Laheen, Alan Mee, Niall McCullough, Michael McGarry, Finola O’Kane Crimmins, Liam Ronayne, Emmett Scanlon, Sarah Sheridan, John Tuomey, Wendy Barrett, Rachael Chidlow, Will Dimond, Eileen Fitzgerald, John-Barry Lowe, Jim Murphy, Ruth O’Herlihy, Sarah Sheridan, Cork, city library, utopian, history, theory, ecology, Ancient Greece, modern architecture, political context, cultural context, house, garden, city, Gary Boyd, Vandra Costello, Loughlin Kealy, John Olley, Finola O’Kane Crimmins, vernacular evolution, climate, comfort, thermal and auditory environments, ventilation, indoor air quality and health, Paul Kenny, Irena Kondratenko, Patxi Hernandez, Daniel Sudhershan, Vivienne Brophy, Tiago Faria, Brian Gallagher, Jeana Gearty, Pierre Long, Andrew Morrison, John Parker, Seoirse MacGraith, Joseph Gannon, Paul Hughes, Michael Murphy, Building Technology, Building Laboratory, mass production, Amanda Gibney, Mark Richardson, structural design, Newtons Laws, equilibrium, limit-state design, eccentric pads, strips, combined bases, rafts and piles, sizing, Chris Boyle, Peter Cody, Philip Comerford, Peter Carroll, Miriam Dunn, Sheila O’Donnell, Ryan Kennihan, Emmett Scanlon, Peter Tansey, Roland Bosbach, Pat Boyle, Gerry Cahill, Hugh Campbell, Michelle Fagan, Dermot Foley, Noel French, Elizabeth Hatz, Mark Hennessey, Paul Kelly, Andrew McLaren, Tom de Paor, John Tuomey, Finbarr Wall, Jerome Breslin, Niamh Burke, Sinead Cahill, Fiona Carroll, Gordon Chrystal, Sinead Collins, Ann Marie Cooke, Maire Costello, Jacinta Curley, Jose de Groot, Opelie Etang Sale, Evis Etelaniemi, Andreas Fah, Matthew Fagan, Graham Fitzpatrick, Alan Flood, Piers Floyd, Brian Flynn, Francois Gleyze, Brian Hagan, Eimear Hassett, Justin Hayes, Gary Hoban, Gary Holt, Mathias Holzer, Sinead Hugh, David Hutter, Deirdre Keeley, Orla Kennedy, Edwina Kinsella, Hilda Markey, Mercedes Martinez, Aoghan Mac Domhnaill, Barry McNaboe, Olivier Mie, Marcus Mulvihill, Trevor Nolan, Mark Noonan, Lucy O’Connor, Ronan O’Connor, Cathal O’Fearghail, Suzy O’Leary, Nicholas O’Shee, Nicola Power, Richard Quirke, Brendan Redmond, Robert Salmon, Tina Schia, Clara Seeballuck, Sandra Sibley, Milosz Stopinski, Paul Van Den Berg, Lily Vechulst, Christopher Whelan, Ruth Wiberg, decentralisation, work, living, OPW, Office of Public Works, Trim, Meath, RIAI Travelling Scholarship, M50 motorway, Sinead Burke, Sarah Carolan, Clodagh Cawley, Louise Clavin, Isabel Cogan, Maria Conroy, Paul Conway, Desmond Cooper, Daniel Costelloe, Lorraine Couglan, Barry Downes, Eoin Egan, Eamon Fitzpatrick, Sinead Gargan, Declan Hackett, Leonie Heskin, Grace Hickey, Christine Kennelly, Danyal Ibrahim, Paul Jeffries, Laura Johnstone, Eamon Keane, Michael Knight, Jane Larmour, William Lavelle, Siobhan McCafferty, Eoin McCarthy, Roisin McDowell, Aoife McTague, Ronan Maguire, Damian Meehan, Michael Mescal, Enda Nolan, Tobias Nystrom, Kate O’Daly, Claire O’Donnell, Susan O’Driscoll, Padraigh O’Flynn, Niall O’Healaithe, Karol O’Mahony, Orla O’Kane, Catherine Opdebeeck, Hala O’Reilly, Óran Ó’Siocháin, Diarmuid Phelan, Justin Power, Vicky Shields, Louise Souter, Anna Stawjewska, Chris Thompson, Kathleen Tierney, Cillian Warfield, Hugh Campbell, Colin Caprani, Peter Cody, Tom de Paor, Michelle Fagan, Tiago Faria, David Leatherbarrow, Donal Lennon, Ciaran McNally, Conor Moloney, Aoibheann Ni Mhearain, Michael Murphy, Finola O’Kane Crimmins, John Parke, Michael Pike, Bob Sheil, Stephen Tierney, Dominic Stevens, Chris Boyle, Miriam Delaney, Feargal Doyle, Brian Gallagher, Roisin Henegan, Mary Laheen, Shelly McNamara, Ken Meehan, Jim Murphy, Shi Fu Peng, Max O’Flaherty, Esmonde O’Briain, John Olley, Mark Price, Anna Ryan, John Tuomey, Simon Walker, Marcus Donaghy, Elizabeth Shotton, Exodus, polemical investigation, 2:1:2, Les Grandes Ateliers, Trangression from Drawing to Making, charette, conversion, Peter Flynn, Emmett Scanlon, Irena Kondratenko, Paul Kelly & Gary Lysaght, FKL Architects, Aidan Madden, Arups Consulting Engineers, Brian O’Brien, Solearth, Conservation Techniques, Advanced Facade Design, Advanced Materials, Heavyweight Structures, Performance Analysis, Dorothy Jones, Paul Arnold, Ed Burke, John Cahill, Mary Clark, Jackie Donnelly, Lisa Edden, Jason Ellis, Dr Aubrey Flegg, David Griffin, Aideen Ireland, Frank Keohane, Donal Lennon, Alistair Lindsay, Charlie Lyons, Daniel McInervey, Paul McMahon, M. McParland, Emily Moore, Rachel Moss, Conor Murphy, Ciaran O Brien, Dr Freddie O Dwyer, Mona O Rourke, Aighleann O Shaughnessy, Sara Pavia, Margaret Quinlan, Noel Riordan, Susan Roundtree, Pat Ruane, Linzi Simpson, David Wall, Hugh Brady, Peter Clinch, Philip Geoghegan, Loughlin Kealy, Alan Mee, Conor Norton, Derry O Connell, Michael Creegan, Douglas Gordon, Seamus Mc Gearailt, John Prosser, Sarah Rock, Aine Ryan,
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2ha: the journal of suburban design #08

Editors: Michael K. Hayes, DoCoMoMo Ireland.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #08 considers the legacy of modernism in forming the contemporary suburb. Three essays respond to the functions, scales, and personal expectations that a modern ideology makes possible.

modernism, suburbia, suburban housing, shopping centres, university campus, Stillorgan, Nenagh, UCD Belfield, Firhouse, new town, inter-war, housing, a land of tomorrows
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RIAI Bulletin 24

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

Comment, RIAI Reports, Diary, Review, New Standard Measurement of Method, Irish Architects in Tanzania, Conference 1979, Practice notes, President O’Reilly, Hon. Treasurer, October Council Meeting, Building Materials Supply Position, Architectural Association of Ireland, 8 Merrion Square, ARCSOC, Housing in Dublin’s Inner City, Deirdre O’Connor, Notices, standards, circular, newsletter, committee, competition, conference, course, lecture, planners, membership, RIAI, standards
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Carlow Carbon Futures: vol. 1

Editors: Sean Brunswick, Orla McKeever, Sam Carse, Juliette Bosschaert.
Book
€ 0.00 

Fuelled by love, rage, and imagination, this publication displays the wide variety of student work produced as part of a regional vision for a zero-carbon County Carlow by 2050.

Mill, canal, elderly, ageing, isolating, farm, River Barrow, the Barrow, Bagenalstown House, Co-Op, Greenhouse farm, apartment, CLT, roof garden, student, proposal, thesis, project, IT Carlow, masterplan, densification, urban block, densify, terrace, ModCell, Timber Collective, multi-generational, housing, high density-low rise, housing scheme, glulam, suburban, suburbia, co-habitation, university, housing typologies, wetland, hemp render, commuter town, coarse fishing, fishing, Pembroke Road, Heart of Carlow town, gasification, solar panel, UIC Barcelona, railway bridge, density, haptic, haymarket stone, timber SIP panels, bungalow bliss, garden, village, Braun factory, re-purpose, sprawl, pedestrian, Carlow County Gaol, Barrack Street, River Burren, Carlow Castle, wasteland, water reservoir, replanting, flood plain, studio, makers’ space, Tribute Forest, creche, sport facilities, existing, renovation, climate crisis, traveller, travelling community, Graigcullen, GUTEX, renewable timber, environment, environmentally conscious, allotment, Avondale Drive, cork block, retrofit, family, out-growing, carbon footprint, student housing, St. Fiacc’s Terrace, Carlow County Development plan, Maryborough Street, vertical garden, Carlow Town Park, coal store, café, art supply shop, residential, commercial, Pembroke Quarter, cycle way, modular housing, courtyards, affordable housing, STEM, drawing, render, axonometric, Waterford IT, Technical University, Barrow Way, Sustainable Electrical Engineering, dairy farming, forestry, Carlow 2050, hydropower, Marine Institute Mayo, Clogrennane, Drummin Bog, bogland, post office, public space, aquaponics, market garden, kitchen garden, Shamrock Square, bus, public transport, Tullow, Hackettstown, Castilla y Leon, DIY, concrete, tree house, energy rating, deforestation, oak park, Montessori, cross lamination, circular economy, dementia, beehive, apiary, grassland, conversion, Mill Lane, special school, clean energy, electric city, sawmill, farmland, Lodge Mill, agriculture, carbon neutral, recycling, factory, industrial, street, sewage treatment system, reed beds, derelict, SGD, flooding, Scots Pine, GHG, carbon negative, depopulation, Carlow Industrial Collective, case study, sugar beet, CO2, Bio-Fuel, Fenagh, cycleway
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Architecture Ireland 321

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #321 focuses on the theme of 'wood'.

environment, conservation, bio, eco materials, environmentally friendly, clt, cross-laminated timber, wood, timber, construction, studio, unviersity, TUD, school, residential, commercial, detail, London, Victoria & Albert, Museum, book, review, Trevor White, David Dickson, Graham Hickey, Merlo Kelly, Kathryn Milligan, Diarmuid Ó Gráda
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RIAI Bulletin 57

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

Notices, standards, circular, newsletter, committee, competition, conference, course, lecture, planners, membership, RIAI, Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, AAI, Architectural Association ireland, practise notice, UCD, University College Dublin, Bolton Street, concrete, materiality, design, detail, specification,
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Architecture in Ireland - vol. 1, no. 5

Editor: Tomás O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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Architecture Ireland 320

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #320 focuses on the theme of 'education + practice'.

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Architecture Ireland 280

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #280 focuses on the theme of ‘restoration, reuse and adaptation’.

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Architecture Ireland 276

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #276 focuses on the theme of 'school design'.

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Architecture in Ireland - vol. 1, no. 3

Editor: Tomas O'Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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2ha: the journal of suburban design #01

Editor/Author: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #01 explores the potential of mapping in understanding the suburban condition.

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Celebrating Pugin

Editor: Colum O'Riordan. Author: Roderick O'Donnell.
Book
€ 10.00 

Celebrating Pugin features a selection of drawings by 19th-century architect A. W. N. Pugin, displayed as part of an exhibition in the Irish Architectural Archive marking the bicentenary of his birth. The book also includes an essay by Roderick O'Donnell providing an overview on the role of Pugin in Ireland.

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Free Market News

Editors: Jeffrey Bolhuis, Jo Anne Butler, Miriam Delaney, Tara Kennedy, Laurence Lord, Orla Murphy.
Book
€ 0.00 

Free Market News is a study of market towns in Ireland, featuring a collection of essays from a broad range of experts on the past, present, and future of these small-scale settlements. The book was published as part of Free Market, the Irish Pavilion at La Biennale di Venezia 2018.

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The Antique Pavement

Author: Derry O'Connell.
Book
€ 4.75 

An illustrated guide to Dublin's street furniture.

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The Square Kilometre: Naked House Naked City

Editors: Gary A. Boyd, Greg Keeffe, Rebecca Jane McConnell.
Book
€ 0.00 

This publication seeks to explore some of the hidden architectures that influence and condition life in the city on a daily basis, beginning within the servicing of the house and expanding over a square kilometre of city fabric.

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Carlow Carbon Futures: vol. 1

Editors: Sean Brunswick, Orla McKeever, Sam Carse, Juliette Bosschaert.
Book
€ 0.00 

Fuelled by love, rage, and imagination, this publication displays the wide variety of student work produced as part of a regional vision for a zero-carbon County Carlow by 2050.

Read more

The Bicycle: A study of efficiency, usage, and safety

Author: Dr. D. F. Moore.
Book
€ 7.95 

Financed by Irish Raleigh Ltd., this report is a general study of the efficiency, usage, and safety of the bicycle as a mode transport. As well as bicycle safety, this study considers housing estate layout in suburban areas and how it can minimise the adverse impact of motorised traffic on urban neighbourhoods.

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