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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

Leaving the door open

Stephen Mulhall reviews the Architectural Association of Ireland's Critic's lecture 'The Architecture of Softness,' delivered by Phineas Harper on April 16th, 2026.

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the write-up

The Quiet Disappearance of the Gaze

Walking through the streets of Dublin and London, Luke Dillon reflects on the evolution of blind windows as an architectural motif and their ambiguous performance as both practical requirement and deliberate compositional tool.

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Working Hard / Hardly Working

Modernism is Almost All Right Issue #2: ‘Escaping Plato’s Cave': How Photography Killed (and May Yet Recover) Working-Class Modernism

While acknowledging photography's role in shaping narratives of the “failure” of social housing, Sarah Churchill suggests that lens-based media can also dismantle the myths that may yet threaten working-class housing security in the future.

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Modernism is Almost All Right

Patriarchal powers after dark: the feminist right to the night

The design of our cities stems from long-standing patriarchal power systems that govern urban development, influence financial allocation, compound social inequality, and subjugate women. These inequalities are further amplified at nighttime. Within a patriarchal planning system, how can we design safe, inclusive and accessible urban spaces which remain agile to the demands of all genders?

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Future Reference
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Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

All journals and books are free to download for Type members; please login or use the download button for access.

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DSA 2020

Editors: Stephen Allen, Mark Chester, Romy Marren, Lasairíona Power.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

No Poverty, The Democratic Space, Antithesis to Suburbia, Zero Hunger, Good Health+Wellbeing, Quality Education, Marion Mahony Griffin: Tracing an Irish Line through her Animism, Clean Water + Sanitation, Affordable + Clean, Environmental comfort and energy efficieny in TU Dublin, Decent Work + Economic Growth, Outreach and sustainability - drivers of a new timber technology degree programme, Industry, innovation + infrastructure, reduced inequalities, Professional practice work placement, Sustainable cities + communities, Thesis from climate active architecture, Speculative Realism and the pursuit of a Subjectless, Post-Anthropocene Architecture, Responsible Consumption + Production, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Life on Land, Peace, Justices + Strong Institutions, Jeremy Till: Climate Action, Architectural Education + the Future of the Profession, Worldskills International Competition 2019, Partnerships for the Goal, Transform-EDU Project, Sustainability Education Context, Covid-19, ASA, Architectural Students Association, Research, Healthcare Facility, Primary Care Centre, FARM, Welcomed Intruders, Informality, Dorset Street, community centre, Semester two, projects, exemplars, BArch, MArch, Masterplan, Pembroke, accommodation, housing, The Bactrian Estate, Matlandsby, Malahide, office, gym, building energy analysis, construction skills, door, office desk, table, CNC machined lounge chair, Timber PassivHaus, timber, concrete, architectural technology, urban school, primary school, The value of Roughness, Unfolding Eden, Labyrinthine Village, Depth through layering, limits of necessity, designing in the dark with night vision goggles, research, Window degradation, Environment, solar panels, Clay materials, thermal mass, detailing, freehand, sectional model, mews house, revit, observe, record, communicate, unlocking the urban fabric, bio-beacon, aquaponics, Milford mill river, research facility, townscape, treescape,
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A Guide to Modern Architecture in Dublin

Editor: Tomás O'Beirne.
Book
€ 9.00 

Featuring projects from 1953 to 1977, this book lays out 109 examples of modern architecture in Dublin, varying in occupation and scale, from small housing schemes and churches, to masterplan university development and city office blocks.

Ordnance Survey, Brendan Byrne, Aras Mhic Dhiarmada, Michael Scott, Scott Tallon Walker Architects, Housing at St. Brigids Park, Cornelscourt, Dermot Smyth, School at Emmet Road, Inchicore, Robinson Keefe Devane, Housing at St. Patrick's Park, Stepaside, St Raphael’s College of Physical Education, Blackrock, Pearse Mac Kenna, Kevin Fox, St Gabriel’s Church, Clontarf, Peppard and Duffy, CPC Factory, Brown and Polson Factory, Bord Failte Building, Robin Walker, Church of Our Lady, Mother of Divine Grace, Raheny, Lyons Factory, Kidney Burke-Kennedy and Doyle, Dublin Corporation Flats, Cuffe Street, Aungier Street, Niall Montgomery, Liberty Hall, ITGWU, Headquarters, Desmond Rea O’Kelly and Associates, Embassy of the United States of America, USA, John McL. Johansen, Hume House, Ballsbridge, Lardner and Partners, Four Apartments at Simmonscourt Castle, Tyndall Hogan and Associates, St. Stephens Green House, Earlsfort Terrace, Boyle & Delaney, Bank of Ireland National, Suffolk Street, National Bank of Ireland, Head Office, Dun Laoghaire Industrate Estate, Our Lady, Queen of Heaven Church, Dublin Airport, Office Building, First National City Bank, Stephenson Gibney and Associates, Abbey Theatre, Company Office Headquarters Building, Mount Carmel Hospital, Rathgar, 8 Bungalows, Hill of Howth, Michael F. Phillips, Trinity College Library, Ahrends Burton and Koralek, TCD, Trinity College Dublin, UCD, 56 one-room apartments at Mespil Estate, Tyndall Hogan and Associates, Lansdowne House, Stillorgan Shopping Centre, John Costello and Associates, Church at Gonzaga College, St Patrick’s training centre, Drumcondra, Duke House, Peter Legge and Partners, Phibsboro Shopping Centre, David Keane and Partners, Tayto Factory, Coolock, David W. Cronin, Church of the Holy Spirit, Ballyroan, R. F. MacDonnell, Our Lady of Victories church, Ballymun, Patrick Moloney, Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Office Building at No. 2 Burlington Road, Our Lady Seat of Wisdom, UCD, Michael Delvin Memorial Church, Vincent Gallagher and Associates, Wesley College, Dublin, Arts and Commerce Building, UCD, Andrzej Wejchert, Northside Shopping Centre, Head Office, Electricity Supply Board, ESB, Irish Base Metals office, Patrick Rooney and Associates, Marianist College, Loughlinstown, Patrick V. Moloney, James O’Beirne, Guy Moloney and Associates, Office Building at No 8. Burlington Road, Tyndall Hogan Hurley, Phoenix House and 6 South Leinster Street, John Costello and Associates, Restaurant Building, University College Dublin, Towercourt, Sandymount, Cathal O’Neill, City of Dublin Vocational School, The Church of the Holy Spirit, Greenhills, Peppard and Duffy, Office Building, Leinster Street, Kidney Burke-Kennedy and Doyle, Institute of Advanced Studies, St Brigid’s National School, Castleknock, Egan Wholesale, Nazareth House, Malahide Road, Stephen Court, Dublin, St Andrew’s College, Ahrends Burton and Koralek, Administration Building, New Terminal Building, Dublin Airport, Leo M. Carroll, Alexandra College, Ryan and Hogan, International Airport Hotel, Grattan House, Carrick House, Burlington Road, Bank of Ireland Head Office, Oldbrook House, Pembroke Road, Patrick Rooney and Associates, The Paddocks housing development, Dalkey, Commended design, RIAI Triennial Housing Awards, Raymond F. MacDonnell, Elm House, Mespil Road, Bank of Ireland Computer Centre, T. P. Bennett and Son, University Library, James Joyce Library, Sir Basil Spence, Glover and Ferguson, Irish Farm Centre, Becton Dickinson & Co LTD Medical Instruments and Head Office, Commended Design RIAI Triennial Medal, Peter Legge & Partners, Bank of Ireland Building, St. Michael’s Parish Church, Dun Laoghaire, Pearse Mac Kenna, Sean Rothery, Molyneux House, Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club, Office Block, Shelbourne Road, Canada House, Earlsfort Terrace, Earlsfort House, Costello, Murray and Beaumont, Norfin House, Our Lady of Dolorus, Glasnevin, Vincent Gallagher and Associates, Lisney Building, Stephens Green, RTE Centre, Donnybrook, Lombard and Ulster House, The Deerpark Hotel, Howth, Ryan & Hogan, Joint Headquarters; Irish Shipping LTD and Coras Trachtala, Management Training Centre, Dundrum, Office Building, Kildare Street, Trinity Hall Development, Patrick Rooney and Associates, St. Broc’s Welfare Home, Clonskeagh, Merrion Court, Ailesbury Road, Holland, Savage and Partners, Dartmouth House, Grand Parade, Ship Street - Office Building, New Medical School, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Frank Foley, Head Office, Educational Building Society, Greenhills College, Walkinstown, Delaney MacVeigh and Pike, Housing at Stepaside, Norwich Union, corner development, Dawson Street, Scoil Lorcain, Monkstown, Pearse MacKenna, Michael Brock, Church of St. Oliver Plunkett, Francis Xavier National School, Setanta Centre, Clanwilliam Court, Austin C. Murray, Claremont Court, Diamond Redfern Anderson, Housing at Darndale Carryard House, Glasnevin Filling Station, Niall Montgomery and Partners, Dun Laoghaire Centre, Costello Murray and Beaumont, Housing at Glasnevin, Irish Life Centre,
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streets for living: a conference on residential road design

Editor: Eoghan Brangan.
Book
€ 7.95 

Organised by an Foras Forbartha, this paper documents the proceedings of a conference on residential road design from Jury’s Hotel in Dublin in May 1976.

An Foras Forbartha, sráideanna le haghaidh maireachtal comhdháil faoi dhearadh bóithre conaitheacha, road design, traffic congestion, accidents, living environment, regional policy, natural environment, infrastructure, traffic flow, pedestrian safety, residential areas, urban areas, study, location of accidents, pedestrian casualties, casualty severity, vehicle, pedestrian crossing, road width, street, streets or roads, housing road standards, builder and architect attitude towards standards, residents’’ attitudes towards traffic, traffic and environment, methods of speed control, implications for the road network, road hierarchy, vehicular access, radburn layouts, cul-de-sac, terraced houses, semi-detached houses, precinct, road distributor, mews court, parking, heavy traffic, legislation, residential precincts, speed and childrens’ safety, pedestrian delay, car ownership, visitor parking, off-street parking, garage carports, bends and junctions, carriageway, footpath, car parking,
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Architecture Ireland 304

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #304 focuses on the theme of ‘local authority’.

An opportunity to make home, Supporting governance through research - The SAUL Intelligence Unit, About town - An interview with Orla Murphy and Miriam Delaney of Free Market, Digital public participation - Understanding perceptions of landscape in North West Ireland, The process of placemaking- An account of College Green, Dublin, Creating and using datasets on vacancy, The design of local governance - Municipal structures and the potential role of spatial thinking, Designing data - Architectural practice and building information modelling, Crafting and grafting - a model for collective architecture, Masters Field Student Accommodation, An update on construction law, Templecarrig, Dublin’s Bourgeois Homes, The beauty of the ordinary, Space of no use, Architecture in the expanded field, An architecture that speaks for itself, My writing space, front portico, Emo Court, Arthur and John Williamson, 1822, Obituary: Kevin Roche, Susan Galavan, Peter Barber Architects, Aristide Antonas, Prof. Gary Boyd, Dorte Mandrup, Arthur and John Williamson, Niall McLaughlin Architects
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Architecture Ireland 302

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland.

building review, book review, interview, venice biennale
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RIAI Bulletin 21

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

Liberties Prototype House Improvement, Comment, RIAI Reports, Annual Conference 1978, The Man of Many Hats, Dublin, Paul Rudolf, Special Message from the President, The Council of the Institute 1979, AGM 1978, EEC Directive for Architects, Liaison with the Provinces, Liberties Prototype House Improvement, Study by the Housing Research Unit School of Architecture UCD for Dublin South City Resources Project, Materials as a determinant of form, Committees, client, practitioner, consultant, Sam Lyons, Tony Sheppard, Housing Research Unit, School of Architecture, UCD, Dublin South City Resources Project, Inner City study, Awards, Mosaics, 23rd RS Reynolds Memorial Award 1979, Trees and Buildings: Complement and Conflict, International Construction, Learning from Past Experiences: Housing and Planning in the Eighties, Energy Conservation in the Building Stock, Only One Future for Our Children, Development without Destruction, UIA Community Participation in Comprehensive Social Facilities, Robin Walker, Notices, standards, circular, newsletter, committee, competition, conference, course, lecture, planners, membership, RIAI, members, materials, form, prototype housing, liberties
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Architecture Ireland 300

Editor: Sandra O’Connell.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #300 focuses on the theme of ‘FREESPACE, La Biennale di Venezia'.

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Architecture in Ireland - vol. 1, no. 3

Editor: Tomas O'Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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RIAI Bulletin 5

Editor: Peter Ferguson.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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2ha: the journal of suburban design #14

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #14 considers the ways in which public art is made and consumed within the suburbs. Four essays describe divergent approaches to project commissioning and implementation, highlighting the varied contexts and conditions that determine a work's lasting impact.

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RIAI Bulletin 25

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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Architecture Ireland 308

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #308 focuses on the theme of ‘tenure and type’.

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The Antique Pavement

Author: Derry O'Connell.
Book
€ 4.75 

An illustrated guide to Dublin's street furniture.

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DSA 2020

Editors: Stephen Allen, Mark Chester, Romy Marren, Lasairíona Power.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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20 Irish Buildings You Should Know

Editors: Róisín Bean, Tim Connell, Brian Gargan, Paul Kelly, Adam McLoughlin, Jack Prendergast.
Book
€ 0.00 

Twenty twentieth-century Irish buildings that students of architecture should know, as chosen by TU Dublin fourth-year architecture students.

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UCD Architecture 2007

Editors: Brian Ward, Pierre Jolivet, Gerry Hayden.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring staff and student work from the UCD School of Architecture.

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Regional Planning: a review of regional studies

Author: Henk van der Kamp.
Book
€ 7.95 

Carried out by An Foras Forbartha, this study was conducted to develop linkages between local, regional, and national planning in Ireland.

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Accuracy and Dimensional Control in Building

Author: Nicholas M. Ryan.
Book
€ 7.95 

This paper explains the nature of dimensional deviation in prefabricated elements and that the development of designs should include a clear approach to accommodate or control deviations when they do occur.

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