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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to better share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

A sustainable stone revival

In the face of the climate crisis, we need to adapt the way we build, using low-carbon materials and decarbonising our material supply chains. Evidence and research have shown structural stone can produce more sustainable structures, could the push for dercabonisation involve one of our most ancient building materials and revive a traditional craft?

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Future Reference

Black boxes, knowledge gaps, and mystic abysses

‘Black Boxes’ serve a unique role in the contemporary imagination. From theatre design to aviation and AI platforms, the appearance of the language of black boxes tends to signify that a knowledge or understanding gap has either emerged or been engineered. This article uses both physical and digital examples to explore what the various faces of this fluid metaphor can teach designers about expectations of control and accountability in emerging digital contexts.

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Future Reference

Working hard, and yet hardly working at all

Embedded within the north-inner city of Dublin since 1934, the St. Michan’s social housing scheme – also known as the Greek Street flats – marked the beginning of a new architectural era on the island of Ireland. Today, this scheme and the other flats of the same age are in desperate need of refurbishment: for the residents, for the city, for our environment, and for our built heritage.

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Working Hard / Hardly Working

A biodiverse baseline

There is a phenomenon called Shifting Baseline Syndrome, first documented by marine biologist Daniel Pauly, who observed that each generation of fisheries scientists accepted the environmental status at the beginning of their careers as the baseline from which to measure change. Over time, a depleted ecology is considered the norm. The same tendency may be found in our perception of the urban realm. But what if we could recalibrate our understanding and reimagine our cities?

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One Good Idea

Updates

Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

All journals and books are free to download for Type members; please login or use the download button for access.

Non-members can purchase items from the library on a one-off basis or become a member of Type to avail of the full benefits of membership.

streets for living: a conference on residential road design

Editor: Eoghan Brangan.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

Organised by an Foras Forbartha, this paper documents the proceedings of a conference on residential road design from Jury’s Hotel in Dublin in May 1976.

An Foras Forbartha, sráideanna le haghaidh maireachtal comhdháil faoi dhearadh bóithre conaitheacha, road design, traffic congestion, accidents, living environment, regional policy, natural environment, infrastructure, traffic flow, pedestrian safety, residential areas, urban areas, study, location of accidents, pedestrian casualties, casualty severity, vehicle, pedestrian crossing, road width, street, streets or roads, housing road standards, builder and architect attitude towards standards, residents’’ attitudes towards traffic, traffic and environment, methods of speed control, implications for the road network, road hierarchy, vehicular access, radburn layouts, cul-de-sac, terraced houses, semi-detached houses, precinct, road distributor, mews court, parking, heavy traffic, legislation, residential precincts, speed and childrens’ safety, pedestrian delay, car ownership, visitor parking, off-street parking, garage carports, bends and junctions, carriageway, footpath, car parking,
Read more

Office Location and Regional Development: Proceedings of a Conference

Authors: Dr. D. F. Moore, Michael B. Lawless, Michael J. Bannon, John Goddard, Bertil Thorngren, Jan Toby, George Yannopoulos.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

This publication documents a two-day conference from 1973 discussing office location and regional development. Topics include reviewing the existing pattern of office location, considering future policies, and referencing international practice.

An Foras Forbartha, Dublin, economic growth, policy, Local Authority, IDA, EEC, Government, Civil Service, conference, common, government, census, Gottmann, growth, the irish situation, current research, distribution, services, conclusion, questions, discussion, Mr. J Killeen, Managing Director, Industrial Development Authority, dispersal policies, redistributing, civil service department, P. O hUiginn, population density, law selective investment regulation, C. P. Farrell, Public Works, Induced, Consumption, land use, M Flannery, County Council, Local Government, LSE, Operations Research, Study Group,
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The Bicycle: A study of efficiency, usage, and safety

Author: Dr. D. F. Moore.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

Financed by Irish Raleigh Ltd., this report is a general study of the efficiency, usage, and safety of the bicycle as a mode transport. As well as bicycle safety, this study considers housing estate layout in suburban areas and how it can minimise the adverse impact of motorised traffic on urban neighbourhoods.

An Foras Forbartha Teoranta, The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research, Irish Raleigh Industries Ltd., Road Research Fund,
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New Dimensions in Regional Planning: A Case Study of Ireland

Author: Jeremiah Newman.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

This book was the first in a series on development planning by An Foras Forbartha, and followed the first conference on regional planning ever to be held in Ireland, in May 1965.

Government of Ireland, policy, development, planning, population settlement, economic activity, social opportunity, economic foals, Maynooth College, Physical Planning, Development Committee, National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research,
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Regional Planning: a review of regional studies

Author: Henk van der Kamp.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

Carried out by An Foras Forbartha, this study was conducted to develop linkages between local, regional, and national planning in Ireland.

P Barry, M Geraghty, C T Gorman, P Lalor, L Murphy, T A Smyth, J M Blackwell, Regional Development Organisations, economic, agriculture, industry, service section, table, study, analysis, tourism, population, urbanisation, infrastructure, physical, social, county, town, subregion, midlands, afforestation, preservation, post, harbour, major sanitary scheme, airport, major road proposal,
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The Relative Importance of Elements of Low Rise Housing Environments

Author: Ray Mulvihill.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

This working paper documents research undertaken to discover residents’ views on their housing environments to identify those elements associated with overall satisfaction and to make such information available to designers and policy makers.

Planning division working paper, housing user satisfaction, relative importance of elements, low rise, housing complaint level, Cork, Dublin, Limerick, Estate Appearance, Vandalism, Play, Back Garden, School, Front Garden, Rent, Shops, Work Convenience, Traffic, Census, Tomas O’Beirne, The estate outside the dwelling, Journal of Architectural Research, American Journal of Sociology, Urban Studies, Encounter, Environment Planning,
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Architecture in Ireland: vol. 2, no. 2

Editor: Tomás O'Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 EUR

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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Architecture in Ireland: vol. 1, no. 8

Editor: Tomás O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 EUR

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

Read more

Architecture in Ireland: vol. 1, no. 7

Editor: Tomás O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 EUR

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

Read more

Architecture in Ireland: vol. 1, no. 6

Editor: Tomas O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 EUR

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

Read more

Architecture in Ireland: vol. 1, no. 5

Editor: Tomás O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 EUR

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

Read more

Architecture in Ireland: vol. 1, no. 4

Editor: Tomás O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 EUR

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

Read more

streets for living: a conference on residential road design

Editor: Eoghan Brangan.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

Organised by an Foras Forbartha, this paper documents the proceedings of a conference on residential road design from Jury’s Hotel in Dublin in May 1976.

Read more

Office Location and Regional Development: Proceedings of a Conference

Authors: Dr. D. F. Moore, Michael B. Lawless, Michael J. Bannon, John Goddard, Bertil Thorngren, Jan Toby, George Yannopoulos.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

This publication documents a two-day conference from 1973 discussing office location and regional development. Topics include reviewing the existing pattern of office location, considering future policies, and referencing international practice.

Read more

The Bicycle: A study of efficiency, usage, and safety

Author: Dr. D. F. Moore.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

Financed by Irish Raleigh Ltd., this report is a general study of the efficiency, usage, and safety of the bicycle as a mode transport. As well as bicycle safety, this study considers housing estate layout in suburban areas and how it can minimise the adverse impact of motorised traffic on urban neighbourhoods.

Read more

New Dimensions in Regional Planning: A Case Study of Ireland

Author: Jeremiah Newman.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

This book was the first in a series on development planning by An Foras Forbartha, and followed the first conference on regional planning ever to be held in Ireland, in May 1965.

Read more

Regional Planning: a review of regional studies

Author: Henk van der Kamp.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

Carried out by An Foras Forbartha, this study was conducted to develop linkages between local, regional, and national planning in Ireland.

Read more

The Relative Importance of Elements of Low Rise Housing Environments

Author: Ray Mulvihill.
Book
€ 7.95 EUR

This working paper documents research undertaken to discover residents’ views on their housing environments to identify those elements associated with overall satisfaction and to make such information available to designers and policy makers.

Read more

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