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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

Leaving the door open

Stephen Mulhall reviews the Architectural Association of Ireland's Critic's lecture 'The Architecture of Softness,' delivered by Phineas Harper on April 16th, 2026.

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the write-up

The Quiet Disappearance of the Gaze

Walking through the streets of Dublin and London, Luke Dillon reflects on the evolution of blind windows as an architectural motif and their ambiguous performance as both practical requirement and deliberate compositional tool.

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Working Hard / Hardly Working

Modernism is Almost All Right Issue #2: ‘Escaping Plato’s Cave': How Photography Killed (and May Yet Recover) Working-Class Modernism

While acknowledging photography's role in shaping narratives of the “failure” of social housing, Sarah Churchill suggests that lens-based media can also dismantle the myths that may yet threaten working-class housing security in the future.

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Modernism is Almost All Right

Patriarchal powers after dark: the feminist right to the night

The design of our cities stems from long-standing patriarchal power systems that govern urban development, influence financial allocation, compound social inequality, and subjugate women. These inequalities are further amplified at nighttime. Within a patriarchal planning system, how can we design safe, inclusive and accessible urban spaces which remain agile to the demands of all genders?

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Future Reference
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Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

All journals and books are free to download for Type members; please login or use the download button for access.

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Dublin School of Architecture Yearbook 2016

Editors: Philip Duffy, Anne-Lise Olivier, Julia Vivien Rober, Colin Mac Suibhne, Stephen Johnston.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

Grangegorman, TUD, Technological University for Dublin, Dublin Institute of Technology, DIT, Morrison scholarship, Architectural education, BIM, building research, architecture & community, architectural technology, QQI standard, PDAP, Leon Van Schaik, Vitruvius, thesis, theory, praxis, model making, photoshop, drawing, hut, wattle and daub, yurt, office, supermarket, mixed use, universal access, BIM model, legislation, Parker Morris, studio typology, minimum space, DCC, dwelling, Galway city, suburban edge, joinery, jewellery box, marquetry panel, metaphysical subtleties, architectural habitus, style council, stylistic hierarchies, economic base, architectural superstructure, architectural ideology, Heideggers, thesis, Henry J Lyons, Noonan Moran Architects, Bluett O’Donoghue Architects, NDBA Architects, Moloney O’Beirne Architects (MOB), O’Keeffe Architects, Scott Tallon Walker Architects (STW), Teroco, Carey Associates Architects – Project Managers & Energy, O’Mahony Pike Architects (OMP), Conroy Crowe Kelly Architects & Urban Designers (CCK), O’Connell Mahon, David Wright Architects, Jones Engineering, Niall Smith Architects, Robinson Keefe & Devane Architects (RKD), Montessori, playschool, early education
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Dublin School of Architecture Yearbook 2018

Editors: Carol Lawlor, Deimante Paplauskaite, Alice George, Paris Brown, Conor Grossman.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

Grangegorman, Technological University, TUD, Morrison Scholarship, Ethna Walls, German, carpentry, joinery, Baden-Wurttemberg, Sean Smyth, Simon McGuinness, Daniel Coyle, Andy Lundberg, Patrick Daly, Joseph Little, Benat Arregi, Energy Efficiency in Design, Les huit points d’architecture de l’anthropocene, hygrothermal assessment, Utilitas, Vitruvian triad, Harold’s Cross Live, tectonic manifestations, Corporate headquarters, Drogheda, Zlin, Bata, Czech Republic, David Eggers, The Circle, utopian, utopians, Kilkenny, Castlecomer, Market Hall, Mining museum, timber tower, walkway, Granada, Seville, Cordoba, Henrietta Street, Linenhall, digital daylight analysis, VC, ESM, Horticulture centre, National Botanic Gardens Glasnevin, Berlin, co-housing, reuse, existing built fabric, premature demolition, Brian Hogan, embodied carbon, Technical Design Dissertation, mid-span, manufactured timber systems, Seamus Entre Centre, Naul, Assembling Architecture, Passiv Haus, Gill & Hock, University Alumni Centre, High-Tech factory, University Research Building, Rehabilitation Centre, concrete, steel, timber, façade design, bricklaying, National Craft Certificate Apprenticeship in Wood Manufacturing & Finishing, National Craft Certificate Apprenticeship in Painting and Decorating, Taskscape, A Reimagined Tradition, Paul Koralek, Helen Shenton, Ellen Rowley, ABK, G & T Crampton, Colum O’Riordan, Berkeley Library, Marcel Breuer, Albert Joseph McConnell, Dr H W Parke, Bodleian Library, Professor Albibi, Kenneth Frampton, La Tourette, Ronchamp, John Utzon National Bank, Edwin Lutyens, Nicolas Hawksmoor, John Donal, Paul Tierney, Raymond McGrath, Persia, Charles de Gaul Airport, 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale, Jo Anne Butler, Laurence Lord, Tara Kennedy, Orla Murphy, Jeffrey Bolhuis
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2ha: the journal of suburban design #10

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #10 considers the impact of capital on the shaping of suburban space. Three essays describe how the architecture, society, and culture of a city can be influenced by the flows of finance.

capital, suburbia, money, finance, transactional urbanism, consumerism, social infrastructure, developers, REITs, IKEA, socio-spatial segregation, townships, suburban speculation, Maastricht, Cherrywood, Phnom Penh, Den Haag, Clontarf, Rathgar, Victorian Dublin, a cost for living
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Ireland in the Year 2000

Book
€ 7.95 

This paper documents the proceedings of a colloquy on Ireland in the Year 2000, held in Kilkea Castle in February 1980.

National resources, energy, the human resource, political pressure, global food requirements, environmental pressure, consumerism, technological, intellectual investment, ACOT, Institute of Public Administration, society, big government, Maynooth College, NUIM, the role of the state, towards a new synthesis, economic and social research institute, employment and leisure, national institute for higher education, UCD, university college Dublin, costal, industrial development authority, an foras talúntais, confederation of Irish Industry,
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Architecture Ireland 274

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #274 focuses on the theme 'innovation in education'.

architecture review, book review, urban planning, education design, campus design
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Ireland in the Year 2000: Towards a National Strategy

An Foras Forbartha
Book
€ 7.95 

This publication documents a 1983 colloquium concerned with the need for an Irish national strategic plan to provide the physical, economic, and social infrastructure required by the end of the 20th century.

Contents Rapporteur’s Report R. Mulvihill, M. Conroy An Foras Forbartha Previous Plans: Targets versus Performance G. Walker Head, Planning Division, An Foras Forbartha Ireland: A Global Perspective Leonard Wrigley University College Cork Planning & Process Ivor Kenny University College Dublin On Formulating National Goals G. Daly Milltown Institute of Philosophy and Theology Motivation: An Historian’s Point of View J. Lee University College Cork Key Sectors for Economic Growth John Bourke Allied Irish Investment Bank Limited Issues of Administration T. O Cearbhaill Former Secretary, Department of Labour The Fiscal Framework Kieran. A. Kennedy Economic and Social Research Institute Planning & Social Structure James Wickham Trinity College Dublin Elements of a National Plan: Physical Components M. Gough Irish Planning Institute Authors: R. Mulvihill, M. Conroy, G. Walker, Leonard Wrigley, Ivor Kenny, G. Daly, J. Lee, John Bourke, T. O Cearbhaill, Kieran. A. Kennedy, James Wickham, M. Gough Keywords: Report, integrated design programme, economics, development, socio-cultural, organisation, statistics, market, concept, resources, crisis, structure, The Catholic Church, Economic Advantage, Potential, Sector, EEC, chemical industry, growth simulators, public authorities, framework, politics, policy, inequality, gender inequality, division of labour
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RIAI Bulletin 23

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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2ha: the journal of suburban design #12

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #12 considers the power of local, national, and international governance in determining suburban morphology. Three essays focus on the multiple means by which bureaucratic structures and political ideologies control the ways, rules, and regulations in which suburban development takes place.

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RIAI Bulletin 49

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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Architecture Ireland 290

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #290 focuses on topics such as architectural fees, the UTEC University in Lima and the RIAI Annual Conference.

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Architecture Ireland 286

Editor: Sandra O’Connell.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #286 focuses on 1916 Centenary commemorations.

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Architecture Ireland 272

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #272 focuses on the theme of 'the year in architecture'.

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Observation Study of Housing Estate Elements

Authors: R. Mulvihill, E. Burke, N. Byrne.
Book
€ 7.95 

This paper reports on a study investigating aspects of housing estates related to the pedestrian precinct or residential yard concept.

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The Bicycle: A study of efficiency, usage, and safety

Author: Dr. D. F. Moore.
Book
€ 7.95 

Financed by Irish Raleigh Ltd., this report is a general study of the efficiency, usage, and safety of the bicycle as a mode transport. As well as bicycle safety, this study considers housing estate layout in suburban areas and how it can minimise the adverse impact of motorised traffic on urban neighbourhoods.

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Rural

Author: Dominic Stevens.
Book
€ 5.90 

Rural is a collection of projects and essays on contemporary issues facing rural modes of inhabitations and ways to reimagine their potential future.

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The Dublin Region: Advisory Plan and Final Report (Part I)

Author: Myles Wright.
Book
€ 7.95 

The first of the two volumes, The Dublin Region: Advisory Plan and Final Report (Part I) examines the social, economic and physical resources of county Dublin and its environs with a view to guide the use of land and public and private building works for the following thirty years.‍

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Back to the Street

Author: Gerry Cahill.
Book
€ 6.00 

Jointly published by the Housing Resarch Unit at the School of Architecture in University College Dublin and Cement-Roadstone Holdings Ltd., Back to the Street records Dublin inner-city housing at the beginning of the 1980s and proposes a strategy of urban renewal through the provision of housing to deal with city dereliction and decay.

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LINE 01

Editors: Caoimhe Power, Gabriella Brady, Helen McFadden, Lauren Forde.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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