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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

Modernism is Almost All Right #7: Après Le Modernisme, Le Déluge? Throughlines in French industrial legacies

Jonathan F. Bell examines the continuities between pre-Modern industrial architecture, Modern contributions to industrial typologies, and current adaptations of these buildings in a postindustrial landscape.

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A recipe for belonging

Chloë King reviews ‘Pálás an Phobail’, an immersive event curated by Blanka Major, a collaboration by Architecture at the Edge in partnership with Hinterland. The event was held as part of Culture Night Late in Galway City on 18th September and featured contributions from Professor Anna Davies of Trinity College Dublin and Michael Higgins, Political Liaison and Systems Change Lead at Bohemians cooperatives.

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the write-up

The mainframe #1: AI and climate

In the first issue of our new mini-series ‘the mainframe’, Annamae Muldowney interviews Erida Bendo, a Berlin-based architect, computational designer and environmental design specialist. Through expert interviews, the mainframe examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence on design. Each interview focuses on a different intersection, with this issue focusing on what AI can, and cannot, do for climate.

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Future Reference

Get your house in order

Ben Murray reviews ‘Architecture 2026: Home Truths’, the 2026 conference of the Royal Society of Ulster Architects. The conference was held at Queen’s University Belfast on 3 September 2026.

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Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

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Ireland in the Year 2000: Towards a National Strategy

An Foras Forbartha
Book
€ 7.95 

This publication documents a 1983 colloquium concerned with the need for an Irish national strategic plan to provide the physical, economic, and social infrastructure required by the end of the 20th century.

Contents Rapporteur’s Report R. Mulvihill, M. Conroy An Foras Forbartha Previous Plans: Targets versus Performance G. Walker Head, Planning Division, An Foras Forbartha Ireland: A Global Perspective Leonard Wrigley University College Cork Planning & Process Ivor Kenny University College Dublin On Formulating National Goals G. Daly Milltown Institute of Philosophy and Theology Motivation: An Historian’s Point of View J. Lee University College Cork Key Sectors for Economic Growth John Bourke Allied Irish Investment Bank Limited Issues of Administration T. O Cearbhaill Former Secretary, Department of Labour The Fiscal Framework Kieran. A. Kennedy Economic and Social Research Institute Planning & Social Structure James Wickham Trinity College Dublin Elements of a National Plan: Physical Components M. Gough Irish Planning Institute Authors: R. Mulvihill, M. Conroy, G. Walker, Leonard Wrigley, Ivor Kenny, G. Daly, J. Lee, John Bourke, T. O Cearbhaill, Kieran. A. Kennedy, James Wickham, M. Gough Keywords: Report, integrated design programme, economics, development, socio-cultural, organisation, statistics, market, concept, resources, crisis, structure, The Catholic Church, Economic Advantage, Potential, Sector, EEC, chemical industry, growth simulators, public authorities, framework, politics, policy, inequality, gender inequality, division of labour
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RIAI Bulletin 6

Editor: Peter Ferguson.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

Ordinary General Meeting, OGM of the RIAI, President’s Report, Honorary Treasurer’s Statement, Annual Report of the Council, Presentation of Certificates, Election of Council for 1974, EEC Affairs, EAHY 1975, Selection of consultants, CAA Ottawa Conference, Honorary Secretary’s Report, New Arts Council, UIA Conference 1981, Purchase of Watercolour, UN Economic Commission for Europe, Irish Architecture in Tradition, The Distinctive Nature of Irish Architecture, The Making of an Architect, Comments from a citizen, 1974 Congress, RS Reynolds Memorial Award, RIBA Architecture Awards, Belgian Housing Committee, RIAI Conference, Local Authority, Arts Council, post office, Design Competition, Boland’s Mill, John O’Gorman, Scale of Fees, UN, Economic Commission, Membership, RIAI Annual Conference, Dr. Maurice Craig, Architecture Awards, Notices, standards, circular, newsletter, committees, AGM, minutes, meeting minutes, exhibition, competition, symposium, materials, conference, course, lecture, planners, membership, RIAI, CAA, Congress, RIBA, E.E.C. Affairs, EAHY 1975, President’s Report, Belgian Housing Competition, Selection of Consultants, CAA Ottawa Conference, RIAI Conference at Kilkenny, Honorary Secretary’s Report: Committees, Cork City Architect’s Post, Architects employed by Local Authorities, Election of President and Hon. Treasurer, ‍New Arts Council, Final Examination, Stage C, UIA Conference 1981, New Office Block, ‍Belgian Housing Competition,Tipperary Competition, Change of Telephone Numbers, Purchase of Watercolour, Scale of Fees, UN Economic Commission for Europe, EEC Affairs, CAA Conference Lost Property, Irish Architecture in Tradition, The Distinctive Nature of Irish Architecture, The Making of an Architect, Comments from a Citizen, Public Library of Damascus, 1974 Congress, R.S. Reynolds Memorial Award, RIBA Architecture Awards, Short Courses ‍
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The Relative Importance of Elements of Low Rise Housing Environments

Author: Ray Mulvihill.
Book
€ 7.95 

This working paper documents research undertaken to discover residents’ views on their housing environments to identify those elements associated with overall satisfaction and to make such information available to designers and policy makers.

Planning division working paper, housing user satisfaction, relative importance of elements, low rise, housing complaint level, Cork, Dublin, Limerick, Estate Appearance, Vandalism, Play, Back Garden, School, Front Garden, Rent, Shops, Work Convenience, Traffic, Census, Tomas O’Beirne, The estate outside the dwelling, Journal of Architectural Research, American Journal of Sociology, Urban Studies, Encounter, Environment Planning,
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Post Industrial

Editor: Miriam Delaney.
Book
€ 0.00 

Post Industrial features a series of essays discussing the physical and material world of Irish industrial settlements; how these villages as worked a social spaces, while at the same time highlighting future conservation priorities.

Industrialisation, Great Famine, Act of Union, settlements, model villages, Mountrath, Laois, Society of Friends, Charles Henry Coote, Statistical Survey of Laois 1800, industry, brewery, pottery, woollen mills, cotton, Kilkenny, village, Earl of Ormond, crossroad plan, linear town, town square, High Street, triangular centre, village morphology, Louisburgh, Mayo, Dunmanway, Cork, Maynooth, Kildare, Tallow, Waterford, Belmullet, Johnstown, Ballyragget, Geashill, Offaly, Castleblayney, Monaghan, Eyrecourt, Rathdowney, Galway, Lurgan, Armagh, Monivea, New Birmingham, Athenry, Slieveardagh Hills, Glengoole, Robert Ffrench, Kilcooley, Utopian Socialism, Stratford, Slaney, town planning, crescent form, Abbeyleix, Laois, Hillsborough, Down, Tyrrellspass, Meath, Mountbellew, Galway, Johnstown, Kilkenny, Slane, Westport, Ballyhaise, Cavan, Castlewellan, Down, piers, quays, Roundstone, Binghamstown, Killala, Achill, Knightstown, Kerry, Carrigaholt, Cork, Balinskelligs, Ballyvaughan, Liscannor, Rossaveel, Old Head, Inishturk, Raughly, Brandon, Spiddal, Barna, Seafield, Kilbaha, Dingle, Cahersiveen, Doonbeg, Cleggan, Clifden, New Quay
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Architecture Ireland 293

Editor: Dr. Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #293 focuses on the theme of 'designing Ireland's commercial infrastructure'.

architecture review, book review, interview, infrastructure
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Architecture Ireland 282

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #282 focuses on the theme of 'architecture and community'.

architecture review, book review, community design, urban planning, town planning
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Architecture Ireland 294

Editor: Dr Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #294 focuses on the theme of 'conservation + reuse'.

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RIAI Bulletin 4

Editor: Peter Ferguson.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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Architectural Survey 1971

Editor: Patrick M. Delany.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Architectural Survey was an annual review of contemporary architecture in Ireland, which ran from 1953-1972.

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Architecture Ireland 295

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #296 focuses on the theme 'education + spaces for young people'.

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RIAI Bulletin 21

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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2ha: the journal of suburban design #13

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #13 considers the physical, legal, economic, and symbolic borders which bind our everyday definition of suburban life. Three essays outline the contested nature of this space and the multiple means of separation made for the benefit of some, to the exclusion of others.

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Thirty-Three Churches

Authors: Sophie Kelliher, David Lawless.
Book
€ 0.00 

Thirty-Three Churches explores the potential of altering Dublin’s existing stock of church buildings to include housing, while still functioning as a place of worship. Published as part of the Housing Unlocked exhibition in 2022.

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The Square Kilometre: Naked House Naked City

Editors: Gary A. Boyd, Greg Keeffe, Rebecca Jane McConnell.
Book
€ 0.00 

This publication seeks to explore some of the hidden architectures that influence and condition life in the city on a daily basis, beginning within the servicing of the house and expanding over a square kilometre of city fabric.

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Regional Planning: a review of regional studies

Author: Henk van der Kamp.
Book
€ 7.95 

Carried out by An Foras Forbartha, this study was conducted to develop linkages between local, regional, and national planning in Ireland.

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Office Location and Regional Development: Proceedings of a Conference

Authors: Dr. D. F. Moore, Michael B. Lawless, Michael J. Bannon, John Goddard, Bertil Thorngren, Jan Toby, George Yannopoulos.
Book
€ 7.95 

This publication documents a two-day conference from 1973 discussing office location and regional development. Topics include reviewing the existing pattern of office location, considering future policies, and referencing international practice.

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Post Industrial

Editor: Miriam Delaney.
Book
€ 0.00 

Post Industrial features a series of essays discussing the physical and material world of Irish industrial settlements; how these villages as worked a social spaces, while at the same time highlighting future conservation priorities.

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LINE 01

Editors: Caoimhe Power, Gabriella Brady, Helen McFadden, Lauren Forde.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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